作者归档:admin

Jupyter Notebook

对于编程初学者,如果有一个开箱即用的环境,比如web页面,就可以进行编程交互,那是极友好。有时候我们想在远程服务器上执行一些脚本,输出一些结果,比如科学计算;有时候又想在服务器上执行一些命令但又不能直接登录服务器,如果能够在web界面上操作或作为跳板机,那也是极友好的。Jupyter Notebook是基于IPython的一个基于web交互执行的在线环境,支持Python,也支持其他编程语言,比如Julia和R。所创建Notebook文档可以自动保存执行过的代码、结果,方便进行回放。
Jupyter Notebok的安装很方便,可以使用Anaconda来安装,或者手动安装。Python3下手动安装,

pip3 install jupyter
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3/bin

查看一下

[root@localhost local]# pip3 show jupyter
Name: jupyter
Version: 1.0.0
Summary: Jupyter metapackage. Install all the Jupyter components in one go.
Home-page: http://jupyter.org
Author: Jupyter Development Team
Author-email: [email protected]
License: BSD
Location: /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages
Requires: jupyter-console, notebook, ipywidgets, nbconvert, qtconsole, ipykernel
Required-by: 

如果直接运行jupyter notebook,那么会生成一个本地可以访问的带token的url,每次都不一样,不是很方便。设置密码,以便登录

[root@localhost opt]# jupyter notebook password
Enter password: 
Verify password: 
[NotebookPasswordApp] Wrote hashed password to /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.json
[root@localhost bin]# cat /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.json 
{
  "NotebookApp": {
    "password": "sha1:e04153005102:961b12eef91987a06b497f915fc3f18c62d8f714"
  }

由于是在虚拟机里面,我们并不需要Jupyter自动打开浏览器,但需要监听来自任意IP的请求,指定端口9030。这里使用root用户运行Jupyter,默认是不允许的:

[root@localhost opt]# jupyter notebook --no-browser --allow-root --ip 0.0.0.0 --port 9030
[I 02:13:44.320 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /opt
[I 02:13:44.320 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at:
[I 02:13:44.320 NotebookApp] http://(localhost.localdomain or 127.0.0.1):9030/
[I 02:13:44.320 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[I 02:13:59.664 NotebookApp] 302 GET / (192.168.33.1) 1.22ms
[I 02:14:23.597 NotebookApp] Kernel started: 7ad63717-7a65-4dec-9d5a-9af654c28f75
[I 02:14:25.204 NotebookApp] Adapting to protocol v5.1 for kernel 7ad63717-7a65-4dec-9d5a-9af654c28f75
[I 02:14:37.350 NotebookApp] Starting buffering for 7ad63717-7a65-4dec-9d5a-9af654c28f75:ea68853b742c40f8bcf8745529ea95de
[I 02:14:43.735 NotebookApp] Kernel started: 5b569c8d-6936-4bd2-9674-0317c46948f6
[I 02:14:44.124 NotebookApp] Adapting to protocol v5.0 for kernel 5b569c8d-6936-4bd2-9674-0317c46948f6
[2019-06-03 02:14:43] kernel.DEBUG: Connection settings {"processId":6751,"connSettings":{"shell_port":39990,"iopub_port":48184,"stdin_port":40113,"control_port":43426,"hb_port":49075,"ip":"127.0.0.1","key":"d5f89bba-890ecf15e6b20718411170ad","transport":"tcp","signature_scheme":"hmac-sha256","kernel_name":"jupyter-php"},"connUris":{"stdin":"tcp://127.0.0.1:40113","control":"tcp://127.0.0.1:43426","hb":"tcp://127.0.0.1:49075","shell":"tcp://127.0.0.1:39990","iopub":"tcp://127.0.0.1:48184"}} []
[2019-06-03 02:14:44] KernelCore.DEBUG: Initialized sockets {"processId":6751} []

然后打开浏览器,访问http://192.168.33.70:9030,输入账号密码,就可以在web里面运行Python了

Jupyter默认带了SQL扩展,使用ipython-sql来执行,只需要安装对应的驱动,这里使用PyMySQL

python3 -m pip install PyMySQL

然后在Web里面执行就可以了

Jupyter还有其他扩展,参考这里
除了可以执行Python和SQL,Jupyter Notebook也可以支持其他语言,在这里列出了。通常执行方式是通过Bash执行,或者通过ZeroMQ来通信,参考这里实现。一个Jupyter的kernal将需要监听以下几个socket:

  • Shell:执行命令
  • IOPub:推送执行结果
  • Stdin:接收输入
  • Control:接收控制命令,比如关闭、终端
  • Heartbeat:心跳检测
  • 这个思路也可以用来做IOT设备的远程监控,交互执行。
    这里安装一下PHP 7这个kernel,作者甚至还提供了installer,但是首先要安装ZeroMQ以便与Jupyter服务通信

    yum install php-pecl-zmq
    wget https://litipk.github.io/Jupyter-PHP-Installer/dist/jupyter-php-installer.phar
    ./jupyter-php-installer.phar install
    

    查看安装文件

    [root@localhost opt]# ls -la /usr/local/share/jupyter/kernels/
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 34 May 10 06:10 .
    drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 May  9 07:30 ..
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 24 May  9 07:30 jupyter-php
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 40 May 10 06:10 lgo
    
    [root@localhost opt]# cat /usr/local/share/jupyter/kernels/jupyter-php/kernel.json 
    {"argv":["php","\/opt\/jupyter-php\/pkgs\/vendor\/litipk\/jupyter-php\/src\/kernel.php","{connection_file}"],"display_name":"PHP","language":"php","env":{}}
    

    这个扩展使用了react/zmq来监听Jupyter请求,使用psysh来交互执行PHP代码。

    如果想要更改Jupyter的web模板,可以在以下目录找到

    [root@localhost vagrant]# ls -la /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/notebook/templates
    total 92
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 May  9 06:33 .
    drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  4096 May  9 06:33 ..
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   147 May  9 06:33 404.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   499 May  9 06:33 browser-open.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  4258 May  9 06:33 edit.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   856 May  9 06:33 error.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  4256 May  9 06:33 login.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  1179 May  9 06:33 logout.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root 23162 May  9 06:33 notebook.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  6559 May  9 06:33 page.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root  1089 May  9 06:33 terminal.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root 12130 May  9 06:33 tree.html
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   544 May  9 06:33 view.html
    

    Jupyter Notebook Web前端采用WebSocket与服务器交互,服务器接收消息并转发给对应的kernel执行或控制,并将结果推送给前端。Jupyter Notebook也可以直接打开Terminal,在远程服务器上执行命令。注意这里的用户就是刚才运行jupyter的用户

    许多web terminal也都是采用WebSocket来做交互,比如xterm.jswebtty
    Juypter Notebook适合单用户(单机)使用,如果提供多用户使用(比如教学),可以使用Jupyter Hub,可以使用docker快捷部署。

    参考链接:
    Jupyter Notebook Extensions
    Jupyter – How do I decide which packages I need?
    PsySH——PHP交互式控制台
    Jupyter项目
    WebSocket 教程

    Nginx + Frp/Ngrok反向代理Webhook至本地

    跟第三方平台打交道,经常需要设置一个接受通知的Webhook,比如微信/Skype的回调。它们要求有一个可以在互联网上访问得了的入口,比如某个域名,如果是在本地开发的话,不好调试。通常使用花生壳来代理本地服务,但是花生壳有一些限制,比如端口。有些域名服务商,比如DNSPOD,Linode,提供相应的API,也可以自己搭建DDNS服务,但是也可能有端口访问限制。Frp/Ngrok都是Go语言开发的内网穿透工具,可以自己部署搭建。Frp是国人开发的一款反向代理软件,可以转发请求给位于NAT后面的机器,支持TCP,UDP,HTTP/HTTPS。Ngrok则是国外的一款内网穿透软件,也支持HTTP/HTTPS转发。这里使用Nginx作为反向代理服务器,接收互联网回调并转发给本地的Frp/Ngrok服务,由它们接收webhook请求并转发至本地开发环境。
    前面使用OpenVpn搭建了私有网络,可以在Nginx里面配置转发给目标机器就可以了

    vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/100-dev.example.conf
    

    内容如下

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.example.com;
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
    
    server {
    
        listen 443;
        server_name dev.example.com;
    
        ssl_certificate           /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key       /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    
        ssl on;
        ssl_session_cache  builtin:1000  shared:SSL:10m;
        ssl_protocols  TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    
        location / {
          proxy_set_header        Host $host;
          proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
          proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
          proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    
          proxy_pass          http://10.9.0.2/;
          proxy_redirect off;
    
        }
    }
    

    这里使用了let’s encryt的泛域名证书,官方并没有对应的插件,但是DNSPOD有提供相应的API,第三方开发了一个插件自certbot-dns-dnspod,安装这个插件并且配置Dnspod的API Token:

    $ yum install certbot python2-certbot-nginx
    $ certbot --nginx
    $ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
    $ pip install certbot-dns-dnspod
    $ vim /etc/letsencrypt/dnspod.conf
    certbot_dns_dnspod:dns_dnspod_email = "[email protected]"
    certbot_dns_dnspod:dns_dnspod_api_token = "123,ca440********"
    
    $ chmod 600 /etc/letsencrypt/dnspod.conf
    

    手动请求证书

    $ certbot certonly -a certbot-dns-dnspod:dns-dnspod --certbot-dns-dnspod:dns-dnspod-credentials /etc/letsencrypt/dnspod.conf --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory -d example.com -d "*.example.com"
    Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
    Plugins selected: Authenticator certbot-dns-dnspod:dns-dnspod, Installer None
    Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
    Obtaining a new certificate
    Performing the following challenges:
    dns-01 challenge for example.com
    dns-01 challenge for example.com
    Starting new HTTPS connection (1): dnsapi.cn
    Waiting 10 seconds for DNS changes to propagate
    Waiting for verification...
    Cleaning up challenges
    Resetting dropped connection: acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
    
    IMPORTANT NOTES:
     - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
       /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem
       Your key file has been saved at:
       /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
       Your cert will expire on 2019-08-04. To obtain a new or tweaked
       version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
       again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
       "certbot renew"
    */1 * * * * /usr/local/qcloud/stargate/admin/start.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 &
     - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
    
       Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
       Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
    
    
    $ ls -la /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/
    total 12
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May  6 12:06 .
    drwx------ 3 root root 4096 May  6 12:06 ..
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   34 May  6 12:06 cert.pem -> ../../archive/example.com/cert1.pem
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   35 May  6 12:06 chain.pem -> ../../archive/example.com/chain1.pem
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   39 May  6 12:06 fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/example.com/fullchain1.pem
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   37 May  6 12:06 privkey.pem -> ../../archive/example.com/privkey1.pem
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  692 May  6 12:06 README
    
    

    配置证书自动更新

    0 0,12 * * * python -c 'import random; import time; time.sleep(random.random() * 3600)' && certbot renew
    

    Frp的开发者已经提供了编译好的frp服务端和客户端,下载即可使用。这里使用docker来运行Frp服务,使用这个Dockerfile,更改版本号为0.26.0,并编译

    $ docker build . -t frps:0.26
    $ docker images
    REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    frps                 0.26                8a87cb91d4de        2 hours ago         21.1MB
    

    测试一下SSH代理服务,创建服务端配置文件

    mkdir -p frp/conf
    vim frp/conf/frps.ini
    

    frps.ini内容

    [common]
    bind_port = 7000
    

    运行一下frp服务端

    #清除先前运行的容器
    $ docker rm frp-server
    $ docker run --name frp-server -v /root/frp/conf:/conf -p 7000:7000 -p 6000:6000 frps:0.26
    2019/04/22 06:41:17 [I] [service.go:136] frps tcp listen on 0.0.0.0:7000
    2019/04/22 06:41:17 [I] [root.go:204] Start frps success
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [service.go:337] client login info: ip [110.87.98.82:61894] version [0.26.0] hostname [] os [linux] arch [386]
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [tcp.go:66] [e8783ecea2085e15] [ssh] tcp proxy listen port [6000]
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [control.go:398] [e8783ecea2085e15] new proxy [ssh] success
    2019/04/22 06:41:41 [I] [proxy.go:82] [e8783ecea2085e15] [ssh] get a new work connection: [110.*.*.*:61894]
    

    这里映射了2个端口,端口7000是frp服务端监听的端口,以便客户端能够连接上;端口6000是需要服务端监听这个端口,以便提供反向代理服务,比如SSH。如果使用的是腾讯云,相应的端口需要在安全组放行。
    客户端直接下对应的包,里面有配置试例。创建本地配置文件frpc.ini如下

    [common]
    server_addr = 123.*.*.*
    server_port = 7000
    
    [ssh]
    type = tcp
    local_ip = 127.0.0.1
    local_port = 22
    remote_port = 6000
    

    这个配置即告诉服务端,将服务端的6000端口转发到本地的22端口。本地运行

    $ ./frpc -c ./frpc.ini.ssh 
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [service.go:221] login to server success, get run id [e8783ecea2085e15], server udp port [0]
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [proxy_manager.go:137] [e8783ecea2085e15] proxy added: [ssh]
    2019/04/22 06:41:27 [I] [control.go:144] [ssh] start proxy success
    

    然后在服务端连接客户端。这里连接的是服务端的6000端口,会被转发给远程(局域网内)主机

    [rth@centos72]$ ssh -oPort=6000 vagrant@123.*.*.*
    The authenticity of host '[123.*.*.*]:6000 ([123.*.*.*]:6000)' can't be established.
    RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:NhBO/PDL***********************.
    RSA key fingerprint is MD5:20:70:e2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
    Warning: Permanently added '[123.*.*.*]:6000' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
    vagrant@123.*.*.*'s password:
    Last login: Mon Apr 22 06:39:07 2019 from 10.0.2.2
    [vagrant@centos64 ~]$ exit
    logout
    Connection to 123.*.*.* closed.
    

    Frp转发http服务很简单。在conf目录下创建配置frps.ini监听本机来自8080端口的HTTP请求

    [common]
    bind_port = 7000
    vhost_http_port = 8080
    
    [root@VM_1_218_centos frp]# docker run --name frp-server -v /root/frp/conf:/conf -p 7000:7000 -p 8080:8080 frps:0.26
    2019/05/06 07:26:28 [I] [service.go:136] frps tcp listen on 0.0.0.0:7000
    2019/05/06 07:26:28 [I] [service.go:178] http service listen on 0.0.0.0:8080
    2019/05/06 07:26:28 [I] [root.go:204] Start frps success
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [service.go:337] client login info: ip [123.*.*.*:56758] version [0.26.0] hostname [] os [linux] arch [386]
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [http.go:72] [19f60a30aa924343] [web] http proxy listen for host [test.example.com] location []
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [control.go:398] [19f60a30aa924343] new proxy [web] success
    2019/05/06 07:27:05 [I] [proxy.go:82] [19f60a30aa924343] [web] get a new work connection: [123.*.*.*:56758]
    2019/05/06 07:27:05 [I] [proxy.go:82] [19f60a30aa924343] [web] get a new work connection: [123.*.*.*:56758]
    2019/05/06 07:27:06 [I] [proxy.go:82] [19f60a30aa924343] [web] get a new work connection: [123.*.*.*:56758]
    

    然后配置Nginx转发请求

    $ vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/100-dev.example.conf
    
        location / {
          proxy_set_header        Host $host;
          proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
          proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
          proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    
          proxy_pass          http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
          proxy_redirect off;
    
        }
    

    创建本地web传教客户端配置frpc.ini,将来自服务器dev.example.com:8080端口的HTTP请求转发至本地80端口

    [common]
    server_addr = 123.*.*.*
    server_port = 7000
    
    [web]
    type = http
    local_port = 80
    custom_domains = dev.example.com
    

    运行本地客户端

    [root@vagrant-centos64 frp]# ./frpc -c ./frpc.ini
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [service.go:221] login to server success, get run id [19f60a30aa924343], server udp port [0]
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [proxy_manager.go:137] [19f60a30aa924343] proxy added: [web]
    2019/05/06 07:26:51 [I] [control.go:144] [web] start proxy success
    2019/05/06 07:27:37 [E] [control.go:127] work connection closed, EOF
    2019/05/06 07:27:37 [I] [control.go:228] control writer is closing
    2019/05/06 07:27:37 [I] [service.go:127] try to reconnect to server...
    

    访问dev.example.com既可以看到本地web服务器页面。Frp还可以代理其他请求,也有在它基础上二次加工提供基于token认证的转发服务。
    Ngrok 2.0以后不再开源,只能使用1.3版本的搭建。这里使用docker-ngrok来构建。Ngrok构建需要SSL证书,复制刚才生成的letsencypt证书并更改server.sh

    $ git clone https://github.com/hteen/docker-ngrok
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem myfiles/base.pem
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem myfiles/fullchain.pem
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem myfiles/privkey.pem
    
    $ vim server.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    set -e
    
    if [ "${DOMAIN}" == "**None**" ]; then
        echo "Please set DOMAIN"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    if [ ! -f "${MY_FILES}/bin/ngrokd" ]; then
        echo "ngrokd is not build,will be build it now..."
        /bin/sh /build.sh
    fi
    
    
    ${MY_FILES}/bin/ngrokd -tlsKey=${MY_FILES}/privkey.pem -tlsCrt=${MY_FILES}/fullchain.pem -domain="${DOMAIN}" -httpAddr=${HTTP_ADDR} -httpsAddr=${HTTPS_ADDR} -tunnelAddr=${TUNNEL_ADDR}
    

    构建Ngrok镜像

    [root@VM_1_218_centos docker-ngrok]# docker build -t ngrok:1.3 .
    [root@VM_1_218_centos docker-ngrok]# docker images
    REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    ngrok                1.3                 dc70190d6377        13 seconds ago      260MB
    frps                 0.26                8a87cb91d4de        2 hours ago         21.1MB
    alpine               latest              cdf98d1859c1        12 days ago         5.53MB
    

    然后交叉编译生成Linux/Mac/Windows平台的客户端

    $ rm -rf assets/client/tls/ngrokroot.crt
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem assets/client/tls/ngrokroot.crt
    $ rm -rf assets/server/tls/snakeoil.crt
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/cert.pem assets/server/tls/snakeoil.crt
    $ rm -rf assets/server/tls/snakeoil.key
    $ cp /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem assets/server/tls/snakeoil.key
    $ GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 make release-client
    $ GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 make release-client
    $ GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 make release-client
    

    在服务器上运行Ngrok服务,将8090端口请求转发给容器的80端口,并且映射容器的4443端口到服务器的7000端口,以便客户端连接

    [root@VM_1_218_centos docker-ngrok]# docker run --name ngrok -e DOMAIN='example.com' -p 8090:80 -p 8091:443 -p 7000:4443 -v /root/docker-ngrok/myfiles:/myfiles ngrok:1.3 /bin/sh /server.sh
    [09:18:21 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Info:83) [registry] [tun] No affinity cache specified
    [09:18:21 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.Info:112) Listening for public http connections on [::]:80
    [09:18:21 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.Info:112) Listening for public https connections on [::]:443
    [09:18:21 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.Info:112) Listening for control and proxy connections on [::]:4443
    [09:18:21 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Info:83) [metrics] Reporting every 30 seconds
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Info:83) [tun:18e8cd42] New connection from 123.*.*.*:50529
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [tun:18e8cd42] Waiting to read message
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [tun:18e8cd42] Reading message with length: 125
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [tun:18e8cd42] Read message {"Type":"Auth","Payload":{"Version":"2","MmVersion":"1.7","User":"","Password":"","OS":"linux","Arch":"amd64","ClientId":""}}
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Info:83) [ctl:18e8cd42] Renamed connection tun:18e8cd42
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [INFO] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Info:83) [registry] [ctl] Registered control with id 1957f20b9b3ce3b76c7d8fc8b16276ed
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [ctl:18e8cd42] [1957f20b9b3ce3b76c7d8fc8b16276ed] Writing message: {"Type":"AuthResp","Payload":{"Version":"2","MmVersion":"1.7","ClientId":"1957f20b9b3ce3b76c7d8fc8b16276ed","Error":""}}
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [ctl:18e8cd42] [1957f20b9b3ce3b76c7d8fc8b16276ed] Writing message: {"Type":"ReqProxy","Payload":{}}
    [09:18:27 UTC 2019/05/07] [DEBG] (ngrok/log.(*PrefixLogger).Debug:79) [ctl:18e8cd42] [1957f20b9b3ce3b76c7d8fc8b16276ed] Waiting to read message
    

    将刚才编译的客户端下载下来,创建grok.cfg,连接服务器的7000端口

    server_addr: "example.com:7000"
    trust_host_root_certs: false
    

    指定要监听的域名,及本地web端口

    ./ngrok -config=ngrok.cfg -subdomain=dev 9010
    
    ngrok                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         (Ctrl+C to quit)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    Tunnel Status                 online                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
    Version                       1.7/1.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Forwarding                    http://dev.flexkit.cn -> 127.0.0.1:9010                                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Forwarding                    https://dev.flexkit.cn -> 127.0.0.1:9010                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Web Interface                 127.0.0.1:4040                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    # Conn                        2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Avg Conn Time                 46.84ms                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    
    
    HTTP Requests                                                         
    -------------                                                         
                                                                          
    GET /teams                    200 OK                   
    

    请求dev.example.com即可以访问到本机9010端口的web服务。
    附:ZeroTier是一个软件定义网络(SDN)软件,可以免费组建私有网络,当然也可以用来转发服务器请求至本地。

    参考链接::
    CentOS7搭建ngrok服务器
    inconshreveable/ngrok
    hteen/ngrok
    搭建自己的 Ngrok 服务器, 并与 Nginx 并存
    使用Docker部署Ngrok实现内网穿透
    Laravel DDNS package,可代替花生壳之类的软件
    通过DNSPod API实现动态域名解析
    借助dnspod-api定时更新域名解析获取树莓派公网ip
    使用Let’s Encrypt生成通配符SSL证书
    Letsencrypt使用DNSPOD验证自动更新证书
    在 OpenWrt 环境下使用 DnsPod 来实现动态域名解析
    利用ssh反向代理以及autossh实现从外网连接内网服务器
    How To Configure Nginx with SSL as a Reverse Proxy for Jenkins

    使用SkPy创建Skype群组会话

    每一次产品发布或故障支持,都需要将相关人员拉到同一个Skype群聊会话,以便讨论、测试、支持。如果每次都需要手动做这些动作是比较累;如果复用已有会话,又会影响本次无关人员。于是有了这样一个需求:在Web后台定义相关组员及关联关系,在Web前台点击即可以创建或加入相关会话。这要求提供一个HTTP的接口,接收会话人员及主题,创建聊天室。搜了一圈,发现SkPy这个库最简单,支持创建会话,发送/接收消息,事件监听等等,其他的库要么功能太简单不满足,要么需要安装Skype客户端,要么不支持最新(live)注册的Skype用户,决定使用这个来开发。由于只是一个简单的HTTP接口,决定使用web.py
    首先安装SkPy和web.py,注意如果是CentOS 6,Python certifi版本只能是2015.04.28,否则会报错

    sudo pip install SkPy
    sudo pip install web.py
    #you need to do follow steps on Centos 6.x, to make requests works
    sudo pip uninstall -y certifi
    sudo pip install certifi==2015.04.28
    

    web.py只要单个文件就可以工作了,创建chat.py如下

    import web
    from skpy import Skype
    from skpy import SkypeAuthException
    import logging
    import hashlib
    import os.path
    import io
     
     
    urls = (
        '/', 'index',
        '/chat', 'chat'
    )
    '''
    try:
        import http.client as http_client
    except ImportError:
        # Python 2
        import httplib as http_client
    http_client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
    logging.basicConfig()
    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
    requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    requests_log.propagate = True
    '''
     
     
    class SkypeService:
        def __init__(self):
            self.username = '<skype account>'
            self.password = '<skype password>'
            self.token_file="/tmp/tokens-app"
            self.skype = Skype(connect=False)
            self.skype.conn.setTokenFile(self.getTokenFile())
     
        def getTokenFile(self):
            if not os.path.isfile(self.token_file):
                with io.open(self.token_file, 'a') as file:
                    file.close()
            return self.token_file
     
        def connect(self):
            try:
                self.skype.conn.readToken()
            except SkypeAuthException:
                self.skype.conn.setUserPwd(self.username, self.password)
                self.skype.conn.getSkypeToken()
     
        def creatChatRoom(self, member, topic):
            ch = self.skype.chats.create(members=member)
            ch.setTopic(topic)
            return ch
     
        def getShardLink(self, channel):
            return channel.joinUrl
     
        def createAndGetSharedLink(self, member, topic):
            self.connect()
            ch = self.creatChatRoom(member, topic)
            # ch.sendMsg("welcome")
            # return {"id": ch.id, "url": self.getShardLink(ch)}
            return self.getShardLink(ch)
    
        def getConversationIdByUrl(self, url):
            id = self.skype.chats.urlToIds(url)["Resource"]
            return id
        
        def getChatroomByUrl(self, url):
            id = self.getConversationIdByUrl(url)
            ch = getChatroomByConversationId(id)
            return ch
    
        def getChatroomByConversationId(self, id):
            ch = self.skype.chats.chat(id)
            return ch
    
        def sendMessageByConversationId(self, id, message):
            ch = self.getChatroomByConversationId(id)
            return ch.sendMsg("Hello world!")
    
        def getMessagesByConversationId(self, id):
            ch = self.getChatroomByConversationId(id)
            return ch.getMsgs()
     
     
    class Storage:
        def __init__(self):
            self.cache_path = '/tmp/'
     
        def set(self, key, value):
            cache_file = self.cache_path + key
            try:
                with io.open(cache_file, 'w') as file:
                    file.write(value)
            except:
                raise Exception('file: {0} write failure'.format(cache_file))
            return True
     
        def get(self, key):
            cache_file = self.cache_path + key
            try:
                with io.open(cache_file) as file:
                    value = file.read()
            except:
                raise Exception('file: {0} not exists'.format(cache_file))
            return value
     
     
    class index:
        def GET(self):
            return "Hello, world!"
     
     
    class chat:
        def GET(self):
            url = web.ctx.home + web.ctx.path + web.ctx.query
            key = hashlib.md5(url).hexdigest()
            storage = Storage()
            try:
                join_url = storage.get(key)
            except:
                param = web.input()
                users = param.user
                member = tuple(users.split(','))
                topic = param.topic
                sk = SkypeService()
                join_url = sk.createAndGetSharedLink(member, topic)
                storage.set(key, join_url)
     
            return join_url
     
     
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app = web.application(urls, globals())
        app.run()
    

    然后运行chat.py,默认监听8080端口

    python chat.py [port]
    

    在浏览器访问,

    http://127.0.0.1:8080/chat?user=user1,user2&topic=19.5Release
    

    即可以创建一个聊天会话,并且返回join url,点击这个URL会尝试打开Skype应用。注意这个会话默认是开放的,允许任何人加入

    https://join.skype.com/LRRUuan7kNH3
    

    去掉logging注释,可以看到API调用的过程,作者也作了详细的协议文档,可以看出登录流程相当复杂,也可以根据这个开放出其他语言的SDK。
    注意这个bot运行的是个人账号,使用的是与web.skype.com相同的HTTP API,最好是在Skype 开发者平台上注册,官方也提供了NodeJS的SDK
    之前许多QQ机器人使用都是Web QQ的接口,目前已关闭。同时官方的API,发现并没有创建任意群聊的API。对比国外软件,国内的API真的是不开放。国外公司甚至有专门的API Platform团队,负责API开发开放,以及与第三方平台的集成。

    参考连接:
    SkPy

    Django + Celery处理异步任务/计划任务

    在Web开发的过程中,难免有一些操作是耗时任务,有时候我们不想阻塞Web进程,希望提交到后台处理,有结果了再通知前端;有时候用户不需要实时结果,可以异步处理的,比如发送邮件通知;有时候我们希望定时执行某些任务,复用已有的一些Web代码。对于第一种情况,可以是RPC或调用其他接口处理;第二种情况则是放入队列,由后台进程异步处理;第三种情况可以是在定时任务内处理,也可以是触发消息放入队列,由后台进程任务处理,同第二种情况。对于第一种情况,也可以是放入队列由后台进程处理,Web前端,定时轮询队列/接口是否有结果。这样三种情况都可以统一为一种情况,即不同来源事件(用户/定时器)触发消息,放入队列由后台任务进程异步处理,异步查询结果。
    之前的一个Python项目即类似。不管代码是PHP还是Python思想都是类似,只是不同语言有不同工具/优势来处理。Web前端展示统计报表,后台进程定时查询Impala,分析统计数据;Web前端也可以触发事件比如统计、发送邮件报告等,后台进程监听并处理。Web前端选择Django,是Python写的一个MVT框架,提供了登录认证、管理后台模块,还有命令行助手工具可以生成项目,易于快速搭建并扩展Web站点。后台任务处理选择Celery,是Python写的一个分布式的任务处理平台,支持各种消息队列,比如RabbbitMQ、Redis,并提供Flower监控工具。Django本身是一个Web框架,生产环境最好使用性能更好的HTTP服务器,Gunicorn是Python写的一个WSGI HTTP服务器,用来监听HTTP请求,调用Django。Gunicorn前端最好使用Nginx来做代理,分发请求,结构如下:

    安装Python 3和Django,并生成项目框架代码。注意:由于机器上面本来就有Pyton 2.7,所以要重命名下。

    yum -y update
    yum -y install yum-utils
    yum -y groupinstall development
    yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurese-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel libffi-devel
    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
    tar Jxvf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
    mv Python-3.6.2 /opt/Python-3.6.2
    cd /opt/Python-3.6.2
    ./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr/local/python3
    make && make install
    vim /etc/ld.so.conf
    /usr/local/python3/lib/
    /sbin/ldconfig -v
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6
    ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
    #ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
    python3 -V
    pip3 -V
    pip3 install Django
    python3 -m django --version
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/django-admin /usr/bin/django-admin/
    cd /home/rc
    django-admin startproject qrd
    cd qrd
    python3 manage.py startapp master
    vim qrd/settings.py
    

    编辑settings.py,监听相应域名、IP的请求

    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['dev.example.com','localhost','127.0.0.1','10.1.*.*]
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'master',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    ]
    

    测试一下

    python3 manage.py runserver 0:80
    

    然后安装Gunicorn

    $ pip3 install gunicorn
    $ pip3 install greenlet
    $ pip3 install ConfigParser
    $ ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/gunicorn /usr/bin/gunicorn
    

    测试运行

    $ cd ~/qrd/qrd
    $ gunicorn -w 4 qrd.wsgi --bind  unix:/tmp/gunicorn.sock
    $ sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service
    

    创建Gunicorn服务

    [Unit]
    Description=gunicorn daemon
    After=network.target
    [Service]
    User=root
    Group=root
    WorkingDirectory=/home/rc/qrd/qrd
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/gunicorn --access-logfile - --workers 3 --bind unix:/tmp/gunicorn.sock qrd.wsgi
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    

    开机启动

    systemctl start gunicorn
    systemctl enable gunicorn
    #systemctl stop gunicorn
    

    接下来安装Nginx

    yum install nginx
    vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    

    配置Nginx与Gunicorn通过UNIX Sockect通信

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
        #location / {
        #   root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        #   index  index.html index.htm;
        #
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://unix:/tmp/gunicorn.sock;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    

    启动Nginx

    systemctl start nginx
    systemctl enable nginx
    

    安装MySQL及RabbitMQ

    yum install mysql-community-devel
    pip3 install mysqlclient
    
    
    yum install rabbitmq-server
    rabbitmq-server -detached
    rabbitmqctl status
    

    创建RabbitMQ vhost

    $ rabbitmqctl add_user qrdweb <password>
    Creating user "qrdweb" ...
    ...done.
    $ rabbitmqctl add_vhost qrdweb
    Creating vhost "qrdweb" ...
    ...done.
    $ rabbitmqctl set_user_tags qrdweb management
    Setting tags for user "qrdweb" to [management] ...
    ...done.
    $ rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p qrdweb qrdweb ".*" ".*" ".*"
    Setting permissions for user "qrdweb" in vhost "qrdweb" ...
    ...done.
    $ netstat -apn | grep rabbitmq
    $ rabbitmqctl status
    

    安装Celery

    pip3 install celery
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/celery /usr/bin/celery
    

    测试Celery的异步任务worker及计划任务schedule

    $ cd /home/qrd/qrd/
    $ ls
    dashboard  db.sqlite3  manage.py  master  qrd  static
    $ celery -A qrd worker -l info
    /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/platforms.py:795: RuntimeWarning: You're running the worker with superuser privileges: this is
    absolutely not recommended!
    Please specify a different user using the -u option.
    User information: uid=0 euid=0 gid=0 egid=0
      uid=uid, euid=euid, gid=gid, egid=egid,
     -------------- [email protected] v4.1.0 (latentcall)
    ---- **** -----
    --- * ***  * -- Linux-3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.4.1708-Core 2017-09-22 08:19:39
    -- * - **** ---
    - ** ---------- [config]
    - ** ---------- .> app:         qrd:0x7fda62e705c0
    - ** ---------- .> transport:   amqp://qrdweb:**@localhost:5672/qrdweb
    - ** ---------- .> results:     disabled://
    - *** --- * --- .> concurrency: 1 (prefork)
    -- ******* ---- .> task events: OFF (enable -E to monitor tasks in this worker)
    --- ***** -----
     -------------- [queues]
                    .> celery           exchange=celery(direct) key=celery
     
    [tasks]
      . dashboard.tasks.debug_task
    [2017-09-22 08:19:39,769: INFO/MainProcess] Connected to amqp://qrdweb:**@127.0.0.1:5672/qrdweb
    [2017-09-22 08:19:39,781: INFO/MainProcess] mingle: searching for neighbors
    [2017-09-22 08:19:40,811: INFO/MainProcess] mingle: all alone
    [2017-09-22 08:19:40,860: WARNING/MainProcess] /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/fixups/django.py:202: UserWarning: Using settings.DEBUG leads to a memory leak, never use this setting in production environments!
      warnings.warn('Using settings.DEBUG leads to a memory leak, never '
    [2017-09-22 08:19:40,860: INFO/MainProcess] [email protected] ready.
    [2017-09-22 08:20:55,023: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: dashboard.tasks.debug_task[71e6c0e1-92e1-494e-b5e9-163eeb7bd24e]
    [2017-09-22 08:20:55,027: INFO/ForkPoolWorker-1] Task dashboard.tasks.debug_task[71e6c0e1-92e1-494e-b5e9-163eeb7bd24e] succeeded in 0.001253978000022471s: 'debug_task'
    [2017-09-22 08:22:21,179: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: dashboard.tasks.debug_task[b81fe9a0-1725-4702-ba0e-13196c9b5977]
    [2017-09-22 08:22:21,180: INFO/ForkPoolWorker-1] Task dashboard.tasks.debug_task[b81fe9a0-1725-4702-ba0e-13196c9b5977] succeeded in 0.00018433199147693813s: 'debug_task'
     
     
    $ celery -A qrd beat -l info -s /tmp/celerybeat-schedule
    celery beat v4.1.0 (latentcall) is starting.
    __    -    ... __   -        _
    LocalTime -> 2017-09-24 04:20:37
    Configuration ->
        . broker -> amqp://qrdweb:**@localhost:5672/qrdweb
        . loader -> celery.loaders.app.AppLoader
        . scheduler -> celery.beat.PersistentScheduler
        . db -> /tmp/celerybeat-schedule
        . logfile -> [stderr]@%INFO
        . maxinterval -> 5.00 minutes (300s)
    [2017-09-24 04:20:37,823: INFO/MainProcess] beat: Starting...
    [2017-09-24 04:20:37,866: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task add every 10 (qrd.celery.test)
    [2017-09-24 04:20:47,856: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task add every 10 (qrd.celery.test)
    [2017-09-24 04:20:57,858: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task add every 10 (qrd.celery.test)
    [2017-09-24 04:20:57,861: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task qrd.celery.test('world') (qrd.celery.test)
    [2017-09-24 04:21:07,858: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task add every 10 (qrd.celery.test)
    [2017-09-24 04:21:17,859: INFO/MainProcess] Scheduler: Sending due task add every 10 (qrd.celery.test)
    

    运行成功,可以使用Supervisord来守护监控Celery的运行,参考这里
    Django项目结果如下

    先配置Celery使用RabbitMQ作为Broker,使用Django DB来保存调用结果settings.py

    import os
    from configparser import RawConfigParser
    
    #https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/SplitSettings
    config = RawConfigParser()
    config.read('/home/qrd/setting/settings.ini')
    
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
    
    CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'amqp://usr:pwd@localhost:5672/qrdweb'
    CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'django-db'
    

    然后在Django项目下创建celery.py文件

    from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
    import os
    from celery import Celery
    from celery.schedules import crontab
    
    # set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'qrd.settings')
    
    app = Celery('qrd')
    
    # Using a string here means the worker doesn't have to serialize
    # the configuration object to child processes.
    # - namespace='CELERY' means all celery-related configuration keys
    #   should have a `CELERY_` prefix.
    app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings', namespace='CELERY')
    
    # Load task modules from all registered Django app configs.
    app.autodiscover_tasks()
    
    
    app.conf.beat_schedule = {
        'hue-tasks-debug_task': {
            'task': 'hue.tasks.debug_task',
            'schedule': 10.0,
            'args': ()
        },
    }
    

    并且在__init__.py引入Celery即可集成

    from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
    
    # This will make sure the app is always imported when
    # Django starts so that shared_task will use this app.
    from .celery import app as celery_app
    
    __all__ = ['celery_app']
    

    Django的异步任务只能定义在各个app的task.py文件里,比如qrd.hue.tasks定义了一个定时任务

    from celery import task
    
    @task
    def debug_task():
        #print(arg)
        return 'debug_task'
    
    
    

    也可以在其模块里面调用

    from tasks import debug_task
    
    def save(data):
        debug_task.delay()
    

    顺便推荐一个Bootstrap管理后台模板:gentelella

    参考链接:
    异步任务神器 Celery
    Django配置celery执行异步任务和定时任务
    淺談 Gunicorn 各個 worker type 適合的情境

    CentOS 7上安装OpenVPN

    之前做的一些树莓派机器因为分布分散,不好远程调试,最近看了CentOS 7.0 Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes,决定备份一下。
    首先需要有一台公网服务器,比如阿里云、腾讯云服务器,以便这些设备能连接上。阿里云、腾讯云的服务器外部IP并不是直接绑定在你的服务器上的,而是NAT转发到服务器上的,这与Linode不一样,虽然可以方便换IP。查看服务器公网IP,也可以在云管理后台查看

    ip a show eth0
    dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
    dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com | awk -F'"' '{ print $2}'
    

    然后是一键安装脚步

    yum update
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Angristan/openvpn-install/master/openvpn-install.sh -O centos7-vpn.sh
    chmod +x centos7-vpn.sh
    ./centos7-vpn.sh
    
    Welcome to the OpenVPN installer!
    The git repository is available at: https://github.com/angristan/openvpn-install
    
    I need to ask you a few questions before starting the setup.
    You can leave the default options and just press enter if you are ok with them.
    
    I need to know the IPv4 address of the network interface you want OpenVPN listening to.
    Unless your server is behind NAT, it should be your public IPv4 address.
    IP address: 10.0.2.15
    
    It seems this server is behind NAT. What is its public IPv4 address or hostname?
    We need it for the clients to connect to the server.
    Public IPv4 address or hostname: 110.*.*.*
    
    Checking for IPv6 connectivity...
    
    Your host does not appear to have IPv6 connectivity.
    
    Do you want to enable IPv6 support (NAT)? [y/n]: n
    
    What port do you want OpenVPN to listen to?
       1) Default: 1194
       2) Custom
       3) Random [49152-65535]
    Port choice [1-3]: 1
    
    What protocol do you want OpenVPN to use?
    UDP is faster. Unless it is not available, you shouldn't use TCP.
       1) UDP
       2) TCP
    Protocol [1-2]: 1
    
    What DNS resolvers do you want to use with the VPN?
       1) Current system resolvers (from /etc/resolv.conf)
       2) Self-hosted DNS Resolver (Unbound)
       3) Cloudflare (Anycast: worldwide)
       4) Quad9 (Anycast: worldwide)
       5) Quad9 uncensored (Anycast: worldwide)
       6) FDN (France)
       7) DNS.WATCH (Germany)
       8) OpenDNS (Anycast: worldwide)
       9) Google (Anycast: worldwide)
       10) Yandex Basic (Russia)
       11) AdGuard DNS (Russia)
    DNS [1-10]: 3
    
    Do you want to use compression? It is not recommended since the VORACLE attack make use of it.
    Enable compression? [y/n]: n
    
    Do you want to customize encryption settings?
    Unless you know what you're doing, you should stick with the default parameters provided by the script.
    Note that whatever you choose, all the choices presented in the script are safe. (Unlike OpenVPN's defaults)
    See https://github.com/angristan/openvpn-install#security-and-encryption to learn more.
    
    Customize encryption settings? [y/n]: n
    
    Okay, that was all I needed. We are ready to setup your OpenVPN server now.
    You will be able to generate a client at the end of the installation.
    Press any key to continue...
    

    这个脚本省掉了许许多多配置,基本上按照默认一路enter就可以了,唯一需要输入的就是你的公网IP和生成的OpenVPN客户端连接文件名字,比如client.ovpn
    然后启动服务

    systemctl stop openvpn@server
    systemctl enable openvpn@server
    systemctl restart openvpn@server
    systemctl status openvpn@server
    

    查看生成的服务器配置

    [root@li846-239 ~]# cat /etc/openvpn/server.conf
    port 1194
    proto udp6
    dev tun
    user nobody
    group nobody
    persist-key
    persist-tun
    keepalive 10 120
    topology subnet
    server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
    ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
    #client-to-client
    #push "dhcp-option DNS 1.0.0.1"
    #push "dhcp-option DNS 1.1.1.1"
    #push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
    #server-ipv6 fd42:42:42:42::/112
    #tun-ipv6
    #push tun-ipv6
    #push "route-ipv6 2000::/3"
    #push "redirect-gateway ipv6"
    dh none
    ecdh-curve prime256v1
    tls-crypt tls-crypt.key 0
    crl-verify crl.pem
    ca ca.crt
    cert server_Yfej6xnJrDu3vs6K.crt
    key server_Yfej6xnJrDu3vs6K.key
    auth SHA256
    cipher AES-128-GCM
    ncp-ciphers AES-128-GCM
    tls-server
    tls-version-min 1.2
    tls-cipher TLS-ECDHE-ECDSA-WITH-AES-128-GCM-SHA256
    status /var/log/openvpn/status.log
    verb 3
    

    10.8.0.0是默认的组网网段,可以改成别的。腾讯云并不支持IPV6,注释掉。push “dhcp-option DNS 1.0.0.1″是推送DNS服务器给客户端。push “redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp”是重定向客户端所有流量到服务器,建议按需添加需要互访的子网段(默认只有10.8.0.0可以互相访问),否则所有流量重定向,可能会引起连接问题,比如ssh腾讯云服务器公网22端口进不去。Push和Route还有高级应用,建议参考OpenVPN: 2x HOW TO
    查看连接状况。

    journalctl --identifier openvpn -f
    

    配置腾讯云服务器安全组,开放1194端口


    将刚才生成的client.ovpn下载下来,mac上双击,使用Tunnelblick打开导入即可。但是使用最新的OpenVPN 2.6提示连不上, 报错:tls-crypt unwrap error: packet too short。
    在Linux上安装OpenVPN,启动连接

    yum install openvpn
    cp client.ovpn /etc/openvpn/client.conf #一定要复制到这里
    openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/client.conf #测试一下
    systemctl start openvpn@client
    systemctl enable openvpn@client
    

    测试一下

    ping 10.8.0.1
    ip route
    

    如果有问题的话,可以查看iptable配置、网络及进程

    cat /etc/iptables/add-openvpn-rules.sh
    iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
    iptables -A INPUT -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
    iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
    
    iptables -t nat -L -n -v 
    net.ipv4.ip_forward
    netstat -tulpn | grep :1194
    ps aux | grep openvpn
    

    当再一次运行脚本的时候,会提示是否创建新用户配置,注意不同用户不能共享同一个配置。这里创建的用户可以是支持用户名密码也可以是无账号密码的。

    [root@tc ~]# ./centos7-vpn.sh
    Welcome to OpenVPN-install!
    The git repository is available at: https://github.com/angristan/openvpn-install
    
    It looks like OpenVPN is already installed.
    
    What do you want to do?
       1) Add a new user
       2) Revoke existing user
       3) Remove OpenVPN
       4) Exit
    Select an option [1-4]:
    
    

    连上OpenVPN服务器都处于同一个网络了,可以使用内部IP访问。现在使用docker来部署OpenVPN服务也很方便,比如rancher-openvpn,支持LDAP验证。
    如果是两个及以上的局域网互通,可以使用Openswan建立虚拟网络连接。
    更新:发现resin更新成了balena,免费支持10台设备,并且开放了IOT相关的系统、软件
    发现一个新的组网服务zerotier,可以快速的创建属于自己的私有网络。

    参考链接:
    How To Set Up and Configure an OpenVPN Server on CentOS 7
    Tunnel Your Internet Traffic Through an OpenVPN Server
    OpenVPN configuration examples
    云服务器 ECS Linux CentOS OpenVPN 配置概述
    使用OpenVPN搞定远程办公
    使用openvpn打通两个异地网络
    How To Install Openswan And Create Site-to-Site VPN On CentOS 7
    Setting up an IPSEC VPN using OpenSwan in cloud environments
    Openswan L2TP/IPsec VPN client setup
    在Raspberry Pi上面运行Docker
    使用 Zerotier 组建虚拟局域网实现内网穿透
    trying to route between two openvpn clients
    Site-to-site VPN routing explained in detail