PHP测试框架初探：PHPUnit

最近开始一个新的项目，涉及到了网络通信的客户/端服务端，刚开始都是边写边调试，完成之后觉得有必要留下相关的测试示例，以便日后使用调试。一些PHP项目会把示例写在文件开头的注释里面，但这样又没办法验证是否能正确运行。
workerman是在文件最后留下的运行代码，如RpcClient.php

// ==以下调用示例==
if(PHP_SAPI == 'cli' && isset($argv[0]) && $argv[0] == basename(__FILE__))
{
    //这里是RpcClient的测试用例
}

PHPUnit则是这样的

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
if (__FILE__ == realpath($GLOBALS['_SERVER']['SCRIPT_NAME'])) {
    $phar    = realpath($GLOBALS['_SERVER']['SCRIPT_NAME']);
    $execute = true;
} else {
    $files   = get_included_files();
    $phar    = $files[0];
    $execute = false;
}

这有点像python

if __name__ == "__main__":
    //这里运行相关调用

这样就可以对单个文件的代码边看边测试，但是这会在相关的代码里面混入不必要的测试用例代码，当有依赖于外部文件又不是很方便，于是便想把这部分测例代码独立出来。
PHPUnit是xUnit测试家族的一员，可以方便对测试代码进行管理，还可以结合其他扩展。依照官网步骤开始：

wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar
chmod +x phpunit.phar
sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
phpunit --version
#PHPUnit 4.7.7 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

写一个测试代码（PHPUnit也可以自动生成对应的测试代码）

<?php
namespace Test\Client;
use Client\RPC;
class RPCTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
	public $pClient = null;
	public $nMatchID = 567;
	public function __construct(){
		parent::__construct();
		
		$arrAddress = array(
				'tcp://127.0.0.1:9001'
		);
		// 配置服务端列表
		RPC::config($arrAddress);
		$this->nMatchID = 567;
		$this->pClient = RPC::instance('\Prize\Service');
	}
	public function testGet(){
		$mxRes = $this->pClient->get($this->nMatchID);
		$this->assertTrue(is_array($mxRes));
		$this->assertGreaterThan(0, count($mxRes));
	}
	public function testSendGet(){
		$this->assertTrue($this->pClient->send_get($this->nMatchID));
	}
	/**
	 * 使用依赖，以便保证在同一个socket链接之内
	 * @depends testSendGet
	 */
	public function testRecvGet(){
		$mxRes = $this->pClient->recv_get($this->nMatchID);
		$this->assertTrue(is_array($mxRes));
		$this->assertGreaterThan(0, count($mxRes));
	}
}

这边的使用了外部类RPC，于是在Bootstrap.php里面定义相关的自动加载规则，以便测试时自动加载

<?php
define('STIE_PATH', getcwd().'/');
define('ROOT_PATH', STIE_PATH);
define('LIB_PATH', ROOT_PATH.'Lib/');
define('TEST_PATH',	ROOT_PATH.'Test/');

spl_autoload_register(function($p_strClassName){
	$arrClassName = explode('\\', trim($p_strClassName, '\\'));
	if(!empty($arrClassName)){
		if($arrClassName[0] == 'Test'){
			$strPath = ROOT_PATH.implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $arrClassName).'.php';
		}
		else{
			$strPath = LIB_PATH.implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $arrClassName).'.php';
		}
	}
	if(is_file($strPath)){
		include $strPath;
	}
	else{
		throw new Exception("File not find : ".$strPath);
	}
});

现在运行测试代码

phpunit --bootstrap Test/Bootstrap.php Test/

出现了一些警报和错误。其中一个提示找不到PHPUnit_Extensions_Story_TestCase文件：

PHP Warning:  include(/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/PHPUnit_Extensions_Story_TestCase.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Test/Bootstrap.php on line 20

这文件是一个PHPUnit的基于故事的行为驱动开发（BDD）扩展，于是上网找了下想安装。

PHPUnit现在只支持Composer安装，如果用PEAR安装会提示失败

sudo pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
Discovering channel pear.phpunit.de over http:// failed with message: channel-add: Cannot open "http://pear.phpunit.de/channel.xml" (File http://pear.phpunit.de:80/channel.xml not valid (received: HTTP/1.1 410 Gone
))
Trying to discover channel pear.phpunit.de over https:// instead
Discovery of channel "pear.phpunit.de" failed (channel-add: Cannot open "https://pear.phpunit.de/channel.xml" (File https://pear.phpunit.de:443/channel.xml not valid (received: HTTP/1.1 410 Gone
)))

先安装Composer

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
composer -V

创建一个composer.json，以便自动下载相关的库

{
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "4.7.*",
        "phpunit/phpunit-selenium": ">=1.4",
        "phpunit/dbunit": ">=1.3",
        "phpunit/phpunit-story": "*",
        "phpunit/php-invoker": "*"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-0": {"": "src"}
    },
    "config": {
        "bin-dir": "bin/"
    }
}

运行composer，注意：composer在国内慢的要死，可以参照这里。

composer install --dev

便会在同级目录下面生成一个vendor目录，各自的依赖库都下载在里面，并且生成了autolaod.php，用于加载相关的类库。编辑Bootstarp.php增加一行

include ROOT_PATH."vendor/autoload.php";

再次运行PHPUnit

[vagrant@vagrant-centos64 mars]$ phpunit --bootstrap Test/Bootstrap.php Test/KM/Client/RPCTest
PHPUnit 4.7.7 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

EES

Time: 540 ms, Memory: 14.25Mb

There were 2 errors:

1) Test\KM\Client\RPCTest::testGet
stream_socket_client(): unable to connect to tcp://127.0.0.1:9001 (Connection refused)

/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/Stream.php:19
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/Stream.php:16
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:174
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:141
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:130
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Test/Client/RPCTest.php:21
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Test/Client/RPCTest.php:21

2) Test\KM\Client\RPCTest::testSendGet
stream_socket_client(): unable to connect to tcp://127.0.0.1:9001 (Connection refused)

/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/Stream.php:19
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/Stream.php:16
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:174
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:141
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Lib/Client/RPC.php:116
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Test/Client/RPCTest.php:26
/usr/share/nginx/html/tutorial/mars/Test/Client/RPCTest.php:26

FAILURES!
Tests: 2, Assertions: 0, Errors: 2, Skipped: 1.

这下子没有警报了，只有详细的测试错误报告。刚才的测试代码里面testRecvGet方法依赖于testSendGet，一旦后者失败了，前者便会被跳过。
启动服务端再次运行测试代码

[vagrant@vagrant-centos64 mars]$ phpunit --colors --bootstrap Test/Bootstrap.php Test/
PHPUnit 4.7.7 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...

Time: 496 ms, Memory: 14.25Mb

OK (3 tests, 5 assertions)

这下子全部测试通过了。

前面运行测试是这样的：phpunit –bootstrap Test/Bootstrap.php Test/。–bootstrap是指在运行测试时首先加载的文件可以在这里面定义一些配置，自动加载规则，最后一个参数Test/是指要测试的目录，也可以指明运行某个测试用例，比如Test/Client/RPCTest，指运行RPCTest这个测试用例。

PHPUnit还有许多其他的命令行参数选项，如果每次这么输入也挺麻烦的，可以做成配置文件，加载运行就好了，比如phpunit.xml.dist

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
         backupStaticAttributes="false"
         colors="true"
         convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
         convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
         convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
         processIsolation="false"
         stopOnFailure="false"
         syntaxCheck="false"
         bootstrap="Test/Bootstrap.php"
>
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Lib Test Suite">
            <directory>./Test/</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
</phpunit>

然后运行：phpunit -c phpunit.xml.dist 就可以了，更多XML配置参考这里。还可以在这基础上更改执行配置，比如phpunit -c phpunit.xml.dist Test/Client/RPCTest，便是依照配置仅运行RPCTest。

以前挺纠结要不要写测试代码，一方面有测试代码的话，每次变更可以自动检测是否通过，另一方面，详细的测试用例需要大量时间去考虑，并且多数情况下都是服务模块之间的互相调用，难以预估结果，超出单元测试范围。现在看来写的这部门测试代码除了验证程序是否准确外，还可以作为示例文档。

参考链接：
PHPUnit: Failed opening required `PHPUnit_Extensions_Story_TestCase.php`
Issues while installing pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit
单元测试
 “单元测试要做多细？”
我讨厌单元测试：滕振宇谈如何进行单元测试
 自动化单元测试实践之路
 Unit Testing Tutorial Part I: Introduction to PHPUnit

勇气

逆水行舟，不进则退

PHP测试框架初探：PHPUnit

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